Cloud provider — VMware vSphere: Preparing environment

This feature is available in Enterprise Edition only.

List of required vSphere resources

User with required set of permissions.
Network with DHCP server and access to the Internet.
Datacenter with a tag in k8s-region category.
ComputeCluster with a tag in k8s-zone.
Datastore with required tags.
Template — prepared VM image.

Configuring vSphere

The vSphere CLI called govc is designed to configure vSphere.

Setting up govc

To configure the utility, set the following environment variables:

export GOVC_URL=example.com
export GOVC_USERNAME=<USER_NAME>
export GOVC_PASSWORD=<USER_PASSWORD>
export GOVC_INSECURE=1

Creating tags and tag categories

VMware vSphere doesn’t have regions and zones. It has Datacenters and ComputeClusters.

To establish relation between these and regions/zones we’ll use tags that fall into two tag categories. One for region tags and another for zones tags.

For example, here is how you can create two regions with two availability zones in each region:

govc tags.category.create -d "Kubernetes region" k8s-region
govc tags.category.create -d "Kubernetes zone" k8s-zone
govc tags.create -d "Kubernetes Region X1" -c k8s-region k8s-region-x1
govc tags.create -d "Kubernetes Region X2" -c k8s-region k8s-region-x2
govc tags.create -d "Kubernetes Zone X1-A" -c k8s-zone k8s-zone-x1-a
govc tags.create -d "Kubernetes Zone X1-B" -c k8s-zone k8s-zone-x1-b
govc tags.create -d "Kubernetes Zone X2-A" -c k8s-zone k8s-zone-x2-a
govc tags.create -d "Kubernetes Zone X2-B" -c k8s-zone k8s-zone-x2-b

The created tag categories must be specified in the VsphereClusterConfiguration in .spec.provider.

The region tags are attached to the Datacenter. Example:

govc tags.attach -c k8s-region k8s-region-x1 /X1

The zone tags are attached to the Cluster and Datastores. Example:

govc tags.attach -c k8s-zone k8s-zone-x1-a /X1/host/x1_cluster_prod
govc tags.attach -c k8s-zone k8s-zone-x1-a /X1/datastore/x1_lun_1

Datastore tags

You can dynamically provision PVs (via PVCs) if all Datastores are present on all ESXis in a selected zone (ComputeCluster). StorageClasses will be created automatically for each Datastore that is tagged with region and zone tags.

Permissions

We’ve intentionally skipped User creation since there are many ways to authenticate a user in the vSphere.

You have to create a role with a following list of permissions and attach it to one or more Datacenter.

govc role.create kubernetes \
  Datastore.AllocateSpace Datastore.Browse Datastore.FileManagement Folder.Create Global.GlobalTag Global.SystemTag \
  InventoryService.Tagging.AttachTag InventoryService.Tagging.CreateCategory InventoryService.Tagging.CreateTag \
  InventoryService.Tagging.DeleteCategory InventoryService.Tagging.DeleteTag InventoryService.Tagging.EditCategory \
  InventoryService.Tagging.EditTag InventoryService.Tagging.ModifyUsedByForCategory InventoryService.Tagging.ModifyUsedByForTag \
  InventoryService.Tagging.ObjectAttachable \
  Network.Assign Resource.AssignVMToPool Resource.ColdMigrate Resource.HotMigrate Resource.CreatePool \
  Resource.DeletePool Resource.RenamePool Resource.EditPool Resource.MovePool StorageProfile.View System.Anonymous System.Read System.View \
  VirtualMachine.Config.AddExistingDisk VirtualMachine.Config.AddNewDisk VirtualMachine.Config.AddRemoveDevice \
  VirtualMachine.Config.AdvancedConfig VirtualMachine.Config.Annotation VirtualMachine.Config.CPUCount \
  VirtualMachine.Config.ChangeTracking VirtualMachine.Config.DiskExtend VirtualMachine.Config.DiskLease \
  VirtualMachine.Config.EditDevice VirtualMachine.Config.HostUSBDevice VirtualMachine.Config.ManagedBy \
  VirtualMachine.Config.Memory VirtualMachine.Config.MksControl VirtualMachine.Config.QueryFTCompatibility \
  VirtualMachine.Config.QueryUnownedFiles VirtualMachine.Config.RawDevice VirtualMachine.Config.ReloadFromPath \
  VirtualMachine.Config.RemoveDisk VirtualMachine.Config.Rename VirtualMachine.Config.ResetGuestInfo \
  VirtualMachine.Config.Resource VirtualMachine.Config.Settings VirtualMachine.Config.SwapPlacement \
  VirtualMachine.Config.ToggleForkParent VirtualMachine.Config.UpgradeVirtualHardware VirtualMachine.GuestOperations.Execute \
  VirtualMachine.GuestOperations.Modify VirtualMachine.GuestOperations.ModifyAliases VirtualMachine.GuestOperations.Query \
  VirtualMachine.GuestOperations.QueryAliases VirtualMachine.Hbr.ConfigureReplication VirtualMachine.Hbr.MonitorReplication \
  VirtualMachine.Hbr.ReplicaManagement VirtualMachine.Interact.AnswerQuestion VirtualMachine.Interact.Backup \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.ConsoleInteract VirtualMachine.Interact.CreateScreenshot VirtualMachine.Interact.CreateSecondary \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.DefragmentAllDisks VirtualMachine.Interact.DeviceConnection VirtualMachine.Interact.DisableSecondary \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.DnD VirtualMachine.Interact.EnableSecondary VirtualMachine.Interact.GuestControl \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.MakePrimary VirtualMachine.Interact.Pause VirtualMachine.Interact.PowerOff \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.PowerOn VirtualMachine.Interact.PutUsbScanCodes VirtualMachine.Interact.Record \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.Replay VirtualMachine.Interact.Reset VirtualMachine.Interact.SESparseMaintenance \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.SetCDMedia VirtualMachine.Interact.SetFloppyMedia VirtualMachine.Interact.Suspend \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.TerminateFaultTolerantVM VirtualMachine.Interact.ToolsInstall \
  VirtualMachine.Interact.TurnOffFaultTolerance VirtualMachine.Inventory.Create \
  VirtualMachine.Inventory.CreateFromExisting VirtualMachine.Inventory.Delete \
  VirtualMachine.Inventory.Move VirtualMachine.Inventory.Register VirtualMachine.Inventory.Unregister \
  VirtualMachine.Namespace.Event VirtualMachine.Namespace.EventNotify VirtualMachine.Namespace.Management \
  VirtualMachine.Namespace.ModifyContent VirtualMachine.Namespace.Query VirtualMachine.Namespace.ReadContent \
  VirtualMachine.Provisioning.Clone VirtualMachine.Provisioning.CloneTemplate VirtualMachine.Provisioning.CreateTemplateFromVM \
  VirtualMachine.Provisioning.Customize VirtualMachine.Provisioning.DeployTemplate VirtualMachine.Provisioning.DiskRandomAccess \
  VirtualMachine.Provisioning.DiskRandomRead VirtualMachine.Provisioning.FileRandomAccess VirtualMachine.Provisioning.GetVmFiles \
  VirtualMachine.Provisioning.MarkAsTemplate VirtualMachine.Provisioning.MarkAsVM VirtualMachine.Provisioning.ModifyCustSpecs \
  VirtualMachine.Provisioning.PromoteDisks VirtualMachine.Provisioning.PutVmFiles VirtualMachine.Provisioning.ReadCustSpecs \
  VirtualMachine.State.CreateSnapshot VirtualMachine.State.RemoveSnapshot VirtualMachine.State.RenameSnapshot VirtualMachine.State.RevertToSnapshot \
  Cns.Searchable StorageProfile.View

govc permissions.set  -principal username -role kubernetes /datacenter

Infrastructure

Networking

A VLAN with DHCP and Internet access is required for the running cluster:

If the VLAN is public (public addresses), then you have to create a second network to deploy cluster nodes (DHCP is not needed in this network).
If the VLAN is private (private addresses), then this network can be used for cluster nodes.

Inbound traffic

You can use an internal load balancer (if present) and direct traffic directly to the front nodes of the cluster.
If there is no load balancer, you can use MetalLB in BGP mode to organize fault-tolerant load balancers (recommended). In this case, front nodes of the cluster will have two interfaces. For this, you will need:
- A dedicated VLAN for traffic exchange between BGP routers and MetalLB. This VLAN must have DHCP and Internet access.
- IP addresses of BGP routers.
- ASN — the AS number on the BGP router.
- ASN — the AS number in the cluster.
- A range to announce addresses from.

Using the data store

Various types of storage can be used in the cluster; for the minimum configuration, you will need:

Datastore for provisioning PersistentVolumes to the Kubernetes cluster.
Datastore for provisioning root disks for the VMs (it can be the same Datastore as for PersistentVolume).

Building a VM image

To build a VM image, follow these steps:

Install Packer.

Clone the Deckhouse repository:

git clone https://github.com/deckhouse/deckhouse/

cd into the ee/modules/030-cloud-provider-vsphere/packer/ folder of the repository:
```
cd deckhouse/ee/modules/030-cloud-provider-vsphere/packer/
```

Create a file name vsphere.auto.pkrvars.hcl with the following contents:

vcenter_server = "<hostname or IP of a vCenter>"
vcenter_username = "<username>"
vcenter_password = "<password>"
vcenter_cluster = "<ComputeCluster name, in which template will be created>"
vcenter_datacenter = "<Datacenter name>"
vcenter_resource_pool = <"ResourcePool name">
vcenter_datastore = "<Datastore name>"
vcenter_folder = "<Folder name>"
vm_network = "<VM network in which you will build an image>"

If your PC (the one you are running Packer from) is not located in the same network as vm_network (if you are connected through a tunnel), change {{ .HTTPIP }} in the <UbuntuVersion>.pkrvars.hcl to your PCs VPN IP:
```
" url=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/preseed.cfg",
```

Build a version of Ubuntu:

# Ubuntu 20.04
packer build --var-file=20.04.pkrvars.hcl .
# Ubuntu 18.04
packer build --var-file=18.04.pkrvars.hcl .